I am planning on buying a hunting rifle soon and i am wanting something that i can hunt deer, elk, and moose with as well as being effective at long range.
300 win mag is one of the Most capable hunting rounds hands down look up
300 win mag Wikipedia
12ga
I started to say 12GA, but, he did specify "long-range" !
+1...The primary arm of all of our snipers is the .308.
I had the privilege of hosting the ex-commander of the US Army sniper school on my boat for an offshore trip out of Brazos Santiago Pass several years ago. He explained that the US mililtary is very comfortable with the .308 and have worked out all possible combinations of loads, barrels, etc. He told stories of dead-on hits, "kills", at what I thought were ridiculous distances, but he stood by the stories.
Also, the .308 is available in "short action" models.
Remember, you said all-around. Ruger and Remington make very handy rifles in that caliber; the Remington Model 7 and the Ruger bolt-action carbine.
Plus, if TSHTF for real, .308 will be one of the most available cartridges.
Ask Dan Z; he is our expert on long-range rifle shooting.
Good luck,
leVieux
Really, the 300 Win. or Weatherby Mag. would be the best choices; however, the fact that the OP is asking the question would lead me to believe that he is less than experienced with rifle shooting and a .30 mag is not the best place to learn. My all around gun was a .300 Jarrett which is a bit more efficient than the Weatherby plus I didn't have to use one of those POS Weatherby Mk V actions. I wouldn't go to the .300 RUM because it is a bit more than most can handle.
I don't include the .308 or .30-06 because they don't get the velocity with the heavy bullets to flatten the trajectory. For elk and moose, the 200 gr Partition out of a .300 mag is an excellent choice. When including moose at distance, I would prefer to use more than a 7mm. .338 is great, but a bit excessive on deer.
Those are my random thoughts.
Dan
It's hard to believe that no one mentioned the .270.